Effects of KRAS G12C have elsewhere been associated with Ral activation, with proliferation of KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC in vitro and in vivo relying on the Ral pathway, though this is not Ral isoform specific (Yan and Theodorescu, 2018; Yan et al., 2014). The gene discussed is RALA; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.