KRAS is most frequently mutated across all cancers (Figure 3B), and there is a vast spectrum of over 200 amino acid substitutions that can occur between all three Ras isoforms, of which G12V and G12D are the most frequent mutations, comprising 45% of all amino acid substitutions in Ras (Figure 3C; Supplementary Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.