ACTA1 and pemphigus foliaceus: In the BLM-induced PF in male Wistar albino rats, BBR (200 mg/kg) reverses bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung ultrastructural changes, enhances Smad7 expression, and downregulates α-SMA, CoI and CoIII expression through inhibits BLM-induced elevation of p-Smad 2/3 (Chitra et al., 2015; Tan E. et al., 2023; Palanivel et al., 2015).