On the one hand, BBR (200 mg/kg) was found to attenuate RF induced by STZ in C57BL/6J mice by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN); on the other hand, knockdown of Nrf2 not only counteracts BBR-induced HO-1 and NQO-1 expression, but also reverses the inhibitory effect of BBR on high glucose (HG)-induced TGF-β/Smad signaling activation and anti-fibrotic effect (Hassanein et al., 2022; Zhang X. et al., 2016). Here, TGFB1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.