ATP7B and Wilson disease: The biological underpinnings were determined by underlying factors, including (1) structure–function is decoupled in WD; (2) strong associations between gene expression and gradient differences have identified transcriptomic specializations within both the cortex and SUB of WD; (3) gradient perturbations are implicated in psychiatric and neurological diseases and for the first time characterized the role of ATP7B in subcortical function; and (4) GV impairments and gradient perturbations were mediated by similar transcriptomic specializations.