However, due to the decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the intestinal tract of DKD patients, the activities of enzymes such as BSH and HSDH are reduced, and the dissociation and isomerization of conjugated bile acids are blocked, resulting in increased cholestasis and the exudation of inflammatory substances, thus aggravating the systemic inflammatory response. Here, SDS is linked to diabetic kidney disease.