BMP4 is a critical signaling molecule within the TGF-β family, known to exert pivotal influence during the embryogenic processes by modulating cellular apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation.62 BMP4’s biological implications extend to oncogenesis, where it has been observed to play a dichotomous role by promoting differentiation in cancer stem cell populations and potentially suppressing the oncogenic progression in colorectal carcinoma63 (Fig. 2). Here, BMP4 is linked to cancer.