Inflammatory processes also modulate critical cytokine receptor-mediated signaling pathways that govern key tumor-initiating and promoting functions in CRC, such as NF-κB activation via TNF receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling, as well as STAT3 activation through IL-6 and IL-11 induced signaling98 (Fig. 2). Here, NFKB1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.