Biomarkers such as estrogen receptor 1, zinc finger protein 132 (ZNF132), and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 are under investigation for their potential as prognostic and predictive markers in CRC contexts.471 A prospective cohort study encompassing 1493 high-risk individuals demonstrated the effectiveness of a singular ctDNA methylation marker, cg10673833, achieving an impressive sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 86.8% in detecting CRC and its precancerous stages. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.