In the offspring, the induction of stunting and enteropathy was verified in d23 mice of MN compared to WN dams (in the following named MN respective WN mice or pups) by demonstrating growth failure (Supplementary Figs. 2a–c), barrier dysfunction (Supplementary Figs. 2d, e) and chronic intestinal inflammation reflected by increased levels of lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) in the stool (Fig. 1b) but not serum (Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and Abnormal intestine morphology.