IMPDH1 and lung carcinoma: While further studies with patient samples are required, these data suggest that IMPDH could be used as both predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with lung cancer; higher expression of IMPDH1 may predict patients with primary lung cancer who could be more responsive to MPA treatment, whereas IMPDH2 expression could be a prognostic marker for patients with NSCLCwho are at risk for developing BM by identifying those who have a poorer prognosis (i.e., shorter overall survival).