To examine the specificity and sensitivity of circulating EVs, the ROC analyses found that plasma levels of LEVs, PEVs, REVs, EEVs, Annexin V+EVs, and the dual-labeled Annexin V+ REVs could clearly distinguish SLE-PAH from SLE-non-PAH (Figures 4A–F). Here, ANXA5 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.