To further explore the relationship EVs and PAH in SLE patients with or without PAH, we compared single-labeled EVs, i.e. LEVs, PEVs, REVs, EEVs, and EVs, as well as the dual-labeled EVs, i.e. Annexin V+ LEVs, Annexin V+ PEVs, Annexin V+ REVs, and Annexin V+ EEVs, between the SLE-PAH and SLE-non-PAH groups (Table 3). The gene discussed is ANXA5; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.