PVR and Parkinson disease: Studies have shown that the potential of overcoming aging-induced loss of Wnt 1-mediated mNSCs in Aq-PVR: direct W β C signaling activation in MPTP-induced mice causes Aq-PVR-Nurr1 and TH + - precursors, hence supporting the histopathology and functional recovery of dark DA neurons, and then improving the clinical manifestations of PD disease (L'Episcopo et al., 2014; L'Episcopo et al., 2018; Marchetti et al., 2020).