TLR4 and infection: These infections elicit specific immune pathways as part of the humoral immune response, including the Immune deficiency (Imd), Toll, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), or RNAi pathways (Chen and Lu, 2018; Lin et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2015; Muhammad et al., 2019a; Wu et al., 2016).