Screening of instrumental variables using 5×10−8, r2 = 0.001; kb=10,000 conditions yielded five instrumental variables associated with lung adenocarcinoma but not with TGFBR2 (Supplementary Table S3), IVW analysis revealed no significant causal effect of LUAD on TGFBR2 expression levels (p > 0.05) (Supplementary Table S4). Here, TGFBR2 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.