IL6 and sleep disorder: Furthermore, probiotics such as bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli can affect the levels of inflammatory factors in the blood (Cristofori et al., 2021), and levels of inflammatory factors like IL-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF are significantly elevated in patients with sleep disorders, suggesting a potential link between these microbial communities and immune pathways regulating sleep.