MTOR and breast cancer: Research has confirmed that ISO can mediate autophagy in lung cancer cells by affecting mTOR (Ren et al., 2023) and activate mitochondria through PI3K/PAKT/mTOR to mediate apoptosis in rectal cancer cells (Manogaran et al., 2019); in addition, it can also induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells (Zhang et al., 2015).