Our study also reveals that in contrast to pressure-overload-induced heart failure (HF) and dilated cardiomyopathy where expression of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) are typically upregulated, cardiomyopathy in FA was associated with decreased expression in NCX and CaMKIIδ in both males and females. This evidence concerns the gene TLX2 and dilated cardiomyopathy.