SAMHD1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Monogenic influence on SLE to cause high-IFN levels is also undeniable, and these monogenic groups include DNASE1/DNASE1L3, PRKCD, TREX1, STING, SAMHD1, etc.196 Epigenetic modification is also an important genetic reason.197 Like many other autoimmune diseases, smoking and EBV infection can induce the pathogenesis and moderate drinking provides a protective mechanism.198,199 The difference is that mercury and silica exposure are important environmental factors for SLE because of their function as an adjuvant to induce the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell responses.200,201