The addition of gold nanoparticles is validated to expand the distribution of poorly-soluble peptides in lymphoid organs.469 MN-gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide (C19-A3 GNP) were designed for T1D treatment.470 Another group designed a MN delivery system which includes peptides, diluents, and surfactants, and reported that 86% of therapeutic payload can be delivered to local skin tissue just in 150 s.471 A similar study was also reported for RA treatment.472. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.