Since there are no currently available cancer cell lines that endogenously express all three proteins (plakoglobin, p53-R273H and p53-R175H), we used the p53-null and plakoglobin-deficient H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line [25] for our studies and exogenously expressed plakoglobin, p53-R273H and p53-R175H at respective intervals in the H1299 cells to address our research question. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.