VEGFA and glioblastoma: Similarly, TM-601, a synthetic product of ClTx, retarded the growth of U87-MG glioblastoma cells (Veiseh et al. 2007) and reduced angiogenesis in chick and mouse models through the suppression of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathways (Jacoby et al. 2010).