However, following studies found evidence that Gremlin-1 expression is most abundant in portal fibroblasts when compared to HSC in murine bile duct ligation and CCl4 models of fibrosis (Iwaisako et al., 2014), suggesting that portal fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts, rather than HSC-derived myofibroblasts, are the predominant Gremlin-1-expressing cells of the liver. The gene discussed is GREM1; the disease is fibrosis.