GREM1 and steatosis: While some authors described in vivo effects of siRNA knockdown of Gremlin-1 on liver fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride model of liver fibrosis in rats (Zeng et al., 2016), others did not find any effect of adenoviral overexpression or intraperitoneal injection of recombinant Gremlin-1 protein on steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat diet-fed mice (Khatib Shahidi et al., 2021).