NPPB and Cowden syndrome 1: Previous studies have shown that several factors such as age, high B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP, dilation of the left atrial diameter (LAD), frequent premature atrial contractions (PAC), large vessel occlusion (LVO), and low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were associated with AF detection in patients with CS (8–14).