In primary osteosarcoma tissues, classical (CD14+D16-) monocytes with an overexpression of VCAN and S100A8/9/12 exhibit pro-inflammatory functions, whereas the non-classical (CD14-D16+) monocytes with high levels of CDKN1C, LILRB2, TGAL, and CX3CR1 expression exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects (25). Here, VCAN is linked to osteosarcoma.