CRP and bipolar disorder: The prevalence of inflammation in this LMIC sample with MDD was much higher (87%, n = 146) than the approximately 25% prevalence that has been reported from studies investigating associations between low-grade inflammation and depression in higher income countries.28 We previously found similarly high rates of low-grade inflammation in adult people with bipolar depression in Pakistan.21 Furthermore, there were a relatively high number of individuals in the sample with CRP values over 10 mg/L (n = 33).