INS and Abdominal obesity: Basically, AT dysfunction is accumulation of ectopic fat including visceral obesity or central obesity (a surplus of fat accumulated in the abdomen, especially from excess visceral fat, is designated as central obesity), which is further characterized by changes in the cellular composition, increased lipid storage and impaired insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and secretion of a proinflammatory, atherogenic, and diabetogenic adipokine pattern (Blüher et al., 2005).