In a further retrospective cohort study in patients with T2DM [12] we found that 12-month exposure to a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide) was associated with a reduced risk for cognitive deficit compared with sitagliptin (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.80; n = 23,386) and glipizide (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.81; n = 19,206), and for new onset dementia compared with sitagliptin (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–0.68). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.