A nested case-control study based on dementia diagnosis within a cohort of 176,000 people with T2DM showed that GLP-1 RAs, alongside metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, are associated with significantly reduced dementia odds ratios after adjusting for demographic and T2DM-related confounders relative to other T2DM therapies: insulin, sulfonylureas and glinides combined, glitazone and acarbose (hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.50–0.67) [11]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is dementia.