HLA-C and neoplasm: We use MHC Hammer to investigate HLA expression in normal tissue and to evaluate genomic and transcriptomic disruption in tumor evolution in multiple cohorts, including 421 patients with NSCLC in the multiregional TRACERx421 dataset14–16 (Extended Data Fig. 1), 945 patients with NSCLC and 972 patients with breast cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset17–19 (Extended Data Fig. 2) and 489 normal lung and 397 normal breast samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset20 (Extended Data Fig. 3).