Multiple studies have demonstrated that Ankrd1 expression is increased in failing hearts, and that cardiac overexpression of Ankrd1 induced cardiomyopathy or exacerbated myocardial dysfunction following myocardial infarction or pressure overload in mice.39,40 Together, these results further support the notion that elevated BAs in the systemic circulation can contribute to heart disease. Here, ANKRD1 is linked to myocardial infarction.