The PD-L1 immunoreactivity pattern was predominantly evaluated based on membrane staining in tumor cells (TCM) (71%)13,14,16 and membrane staining in immune cells (ICM) (29%).11,15,21,22 The reference values for defining immunoreactivity varied among the studies, with thresholds including ≥1%, ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥20%. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.