Given that (i) the NOS2/COX2 products NO/PGE2 are antagonistic to T effector cell function, (ii) that tumor NOS2 and COX2 expression limited CD8+ T-cell penetration into the tumor core, and (iii) that potent immune responses potentiate therapeutic efficacies, we reasoned that tumor NOS2 and COX2 expression could impact clinical outcomes by effects on CD8+ T-cell penetration and function. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.