Ischemia-reperfusion is another well-documented process that induces a burst of oxidative DNA damage, leading to PARP1-mediated cell death (Eliasson et al., 1997; Dawson and Dawson, 2018) and more recently, it has become evident that PARP1 hyperactivation and parthanatos play a pathological role in neurodegenerative disorders as well, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (Hoch et al., 2017; Kam et al., 2018; Park et al., 2020, 2022). The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.