Analysis of the cytokines in T2DM patients revealed elevated levels of both pro‐inflammatory (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6) and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IFN‐α and IL‐13) accompanied by a reduction in the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IFN‐α and IL‐10 (Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.