The mechanisms involve regulating the production of bioactive substances, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing BDNF signaling, improving hippocampal neurogenesis and mitochondrial function, increasing cerebral blood flow, and decreasing AD-related pathology (Veronese et al., 2019; Chandra et al., 2023b; Tarawneh and Penhos, 2022; Andrade-Guerrero et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Alzheimer disease.