MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Additionally, certain strains of Lactobacillus (Xiao-Hang et al., 2024)and Lactobacillus plantarum (Önning et al., 2023) have demonstrated potential in improving cognitive function and significantly reducing Aβ deposition and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau proteins in AD animal models (Nie et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024).