The highest prevalence of CKD (50%; 77 of 154 patients) was observed in the high VCAM-1 and low BDNF group; the prevalence of CKD was 35% (42 of 120 patients) in the high VCAM-1 and high BDNF group and 20% (24 of the 120 patients) in the low VCAM-1 and low BDNF group; the lowest prevalence of CKD (8.4%; 13 of 154 patients) was observed in the low VCAM-1 and high BDNF group (the P value for the trend was <0.001, Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and chronic kidney disease.