Nonetheless, the possibility of the CCR5-tropic HIV infection of progenitors cannot be excluded, as previous studies have revealed the expression of CCR5 in G-CSF/GM-CSF-mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood cells and the subsequent CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection of megakaryocytes derived from these cells (Voulgaropoulou et al., 2000; Renelt et al., 2022). Here, CSF2 is linked to HIV-1 infection.