ICOS and neoplasm: Still in the untreated tumor, when compared to NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1, NBTXR3 + PRT + αPD1 treatment resulted in a significant increase in the expression of activation markers such as Gzmb, Icos, Prf1 (Perforin 1) [39], as well as chemokine receptor (Ccr7) [40], and chemokine ligand (Ccl5) in cytotoxic T cells (Fig. 3C).