Gene-based analyses found five genes to be significantly associated with DDH: GDF5, UQCC1, MMP24, RETSAT and PDRG1 (P = 9.24 × 10− 12; P = 1.86 × 10− 10; P = 3.18 × 10− 9, P = 3.7 × 10− 8, P = 1.06 × 10− 7) [16]. Here, PDRG1 is linked to Hip dysplasia.