HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: It comes as no surprise, once again, that the HLA-DQ molecules constituting the main gene product leading to type 1 diabetes, are essential in people at risk: alleles predisposing towards type 1 diabetes to begin with, are predisposing in people at risk (with the exception of DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01), while alleles conferring protection do so in people at risk (see Conclusions below for explanation of lower HR values for progression/protection).