INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by defined hyperglycemia which is classified as type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), specific types of diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus.1 T2D is a disease characterized by a nonautoimmune heterogeneously progressive loss of adequate islet β cell insulin secretion frequently in the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS).