TGFBR1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We also used western blot to detect EMT markers and found that reconstitution of TGFBR1 in HCC cells enhances the expression of Vimentin and Occludin while suppressing the expression of E-cadherin, suggesting that GPR56 regulates EMT in HCC cells through TGFBR1 (Supplementary Fig. 4H).