The present study aims to investigate the changes of macrophage subsets after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy (NAPC), identify the clinical prognostic value of the novel signature FABP4+C1q+ macrophages in NSCLC patients and explore their potential role in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene FABP4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.