PDHA1 and microcephaly: For example, one dual diagnosed proband had an occipital frontal circumference (OFC) of −6.83 standard deviations (SDs) and pathogenic variants in ANKRD11 (MIM: 148050) and PDHA1 (MIM: 312170), both of which are linked with microcephaly (mean OFC of −1.2 SD and −4.0 SD for DDD probands with single diagnoses in these two genes, respectively).