Given the role of PD-L1 in regulating immunosuppression in GBM, we investigated whether LOX affects the expression of PD-L1 in PTEN-deficient GBM cells (e.g., U87, CT2A, and PTEN CRISPR-KO SF763 cells) and GSCs (e.g., 005 GSC, GSC23, and GSC7-10) (20). Here, PTEN is linked to glioblastoma.