TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: TGF‐β, a pivotal member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, can activate the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and p38 pathway within the MAPK pathway to regulate the development of myocardial fibrosis.42, 43, 44, 45, 46