AIRE and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: For example, the association of AAD with autoimmune thyroiditis or type 1 diabetes is suggestive of APS-2 (19, 27), whereas the association with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis or hypoparathyroidism suggests a diagnosis of APS-1, which needs be confirmed by an analysis of the AIRE gene (19, 20, 27) (Figure 2).