M2 macrophages, induced by IL-4, IL-33, and TGF-β stimulation, usually expressing CD206 and CD163, are regulated by a variety of transcription factors and secreted cytokines in regulating tumor growth, thereby modulating inflammation, suppressing immune response, and stimulating cellular and tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and tumor progression (29, 30). Here, CD163 is linked to neoplasm.