Some studies have found that, after myocardial infarction leads to the ischemic injury of myocardial tissue, human umbilical vein endothelial cells-derived exosomes regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins by activating the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, upregulating B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels, inhibiting Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression, or inactivating caspase, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and exerting cardiac protective effects (144). The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is myocardial infarction.