ALB and Nephropathy: This condition includes one or more of the following criteria: a GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, urine albumin of 30 mg or more per 24 hours, or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 mg/g or more, abnormalities in urine sediment, kidney histology, or imaging that indicate kidney damage, renal tubular disorders, or a history of kidney transplantation [17].