NPPB and cardiac arrhythmia: The CE-SOFA model, comprising the sum of the SOFA score (with points for MAP +/- vasoactive agent), hs-cTnT-points, NT-proBNP-points, and double AF-points, can assess four aspects of cardiovascular dysfunction: hemodynamic instability, acute myocardial injury, myocardial dysfunction and arrythmia, respectively.