CSC and SPP1+ macrophages co‐localise at the border. SPP1 signalling is most active in cell‐to‐cell communication, including SPP1‐CD44 and SPP1‐ITGA/ITGB. CD8+ T cells are excluded from the tumour area, and HIF1A and HAVCR2 are highly expressed at the border of the co‐localise area. The gene discussed is CD44; the disease is neoplasm.