CD274 and neoplasm: Abnormal vasculature induces tissue hypoxia, which not only recruits immunosuppressive cells by secreting various chemokines but also upregulates the expression of CTLA-4 and LAG-3 proteins on Tregs and PD-L1 on MDSCs, TAMs, and tumor cells, further impacting CAR-T cell infiltration and effector function [38].