In addition, correlations between CD58 downregulation and resistance to cancer treatments, including ICI, CAR T-cell and R-CHOP therapies, have been reported in various malignancies, including melanoma, relapsed and refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), DLBCL and relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)11–16,153,154, highlighting the nonredundant role of the CD2‒CD58 axis in antitumor immunity. This evidence concerns the gene CD2 and melanoma.