SH2D3A and infection: Importantly, infection of rSA11 with RRV NSP1 and rRRV with SA11 NSP1 led to similar amounts of severe extrahepatic bile duct inflammation as mice infected with RRV and SA11, respectively (Fig 6D and 6E), suggesting that the parental origin of NSP1 correlates with these biliary and pancreatic disease manifestation.